PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
													Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
															Blancan	1.4
													Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian											Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian											Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian											Waipipian			3
		Zanclean											Waipipian			3.6
													Opoitian			3.7
													Opoitian		Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian											Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
															Clarendonian	9.4
												Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian														11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
													Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian											Lillburnian			13.82
													Clifdenian			15.1
												Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
															Hemingfordian	16.3
															Arikareean	18.5
													Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian											Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian			23.03
													Duntroonian			25.2
													Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian													Chadronian	33.9
												Arnold	Runangan			34.6
													Kaiatan			36.7
															Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian														37.71
													Bortonian			39.1
															Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
													Heretaungan			45.7
															Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
													Mangaorapan			48.9
													Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	50.5
													Waipawan		Wasatchian	52
													Waipawan		Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian													Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian													Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian													Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian		323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
				Cautleyan					448.9 *
				Pusgillian					449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
				Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
				Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
				Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
								Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
								Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
								Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †				455.2 *
									Kukruse			456.4 *
				Aurelucian								456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku			458.4
									Lasnamagi			458.9 *
									Aseri			460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri			461.3 *
							Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
			Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
									Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †			470.1 *
				Whitlandian									471.1 *
				Whitlandian					Hunneberg				473.7 *
				Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian									Ungurian	477.7
				Cressagian										480.8 *
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian				485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
										Aksaian				490.7 *
										Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian								Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
					Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian	514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
																525.5