PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
		Zanclean													3.6
		Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian												Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Wordian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian		Permian 2	273.01
				Pavlovoposadian	Cathedralian			276.8 *
					Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian			283.5
			Wolfcampian		Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian			Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare				Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani				Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu				445.2
						Vormsi				449.6 *
						Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
						Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	Ordovician 4	453
						Haljala					453.9
						Kukruse					456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4	Uhaku
					Lasnamagi	458.9 *
					Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
						Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Hunneberg					477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	Cambrian 5				Datsonian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
										Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian	489.5
		Paibian								Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian									Boomerangian	499
		Drumian									Undillan	500.5
		Drumian									Floran	503
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Ordian	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3									Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1		529
															538.8