PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian								Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian								Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian								Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean								Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian								Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian								Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4				23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3			Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian								Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian								Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian								Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2			Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian								Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian								Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian								Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian								Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2				184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				458.4
				Dobrotivian						458.5 *
				Oretanian						459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †	Ordovician 2			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian	489.5
			Paibian							Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4			Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian							Boomerangian	499
			Drumian							Undillan	500.5
			Drumian							Floran	503
			Wuliuan				Cambrian 3			Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan							Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	509
			Stage 4								510.8 *
			Stage 3				Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
													4600