PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean												3.6
													Hemphillian	4.7
											Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
													Clarendonian	9.4
											Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian												11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian									Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
											Xiejiaan		Hemingfordian	16.9
													Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian											Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
			Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
			Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
			Khamovnikian					304.8
			Dalaun				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Huashibanian				Cheremshanian	318.5 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Lousuan				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Lousuan				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
			Shangsian				Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean					Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Jiusian				Aleksinian	335 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan				Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian		489.5
		Paibian				Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan		497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian		499
		Drumian				Undillan		500.5
		Drumian				Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian		509
														510.8 *