PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of North America						North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan																Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian																Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian																Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian																Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian																Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean																Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian																Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian																Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian																Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian																Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian																Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian																Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian																Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian																Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian																Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian																Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian																Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian	Leine	264.9 *
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
			Khamovnikian				304.8
			Khamovnikian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
			Myachkovian		Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
			Podolskian			Westphalian D	308.9 *
			Podolskian			Westphalian C	309.8
			Kashirian				311.4 *
			Vereian				313.8
			Vereian			Westphalian B	314.6
			Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Cheremshanian			Westphalian A	317 *
			Prikamian			Westphalian A	318.6 *
			Prikamian		Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
			Severokeltmian			Yeadonian	319.9 *
			Severokeltmian			Marsdenian	320.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian			Marsdenian	321.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian			Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
			Voznesenian			Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			Chokierian	323.2
			Zapaltjubian			Arnsbergian	324 *
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Steshevian			Pendleian	327.4 *
			Tarusian			Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Tulian		Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian		Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		Ivorian		346.7
			Kizelian				350.7 *
			Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Cherepetian		Hastarian		353.7 *
			Karakubian				354.4 *
			Upinian				356.3 *
			Malevkian				357.6 *
			Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
							Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian			453
									Turinian			453.7 *
									Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
							Dobrotivian								458.5 *
							Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
							Arenigian								468
									Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadocian		Tulean							Ungurian	477.7
									Stairsian								480.3 *
									Skullrockian						Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian		Batyrbaian						485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
											Aksaian						490.7 *
											Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan									Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan															505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
											Toyonian						510 *
											Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian						514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian					521
																			525.5