PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan																Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Late Pleistocene																Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian																Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian																Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian																Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian																Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
				Zanclean																	3.6
				Zanclean																Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Tortonian																Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian																Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian																Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
																				Hemingfordian	16.3
																				Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
				Rupelian																	27.82
																				Whitneyan	29.5
																				Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian																Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian																Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian																Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian																Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian																Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian																Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian																Bridgerian	47.8
																				Wasatchian	50.5
																				Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian																Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian																Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian																Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian																Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian																Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian																Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Leine	264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		Wufeng †		Chientangkiangian	Pirgu	445.2
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Pirgu	449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
					Berounian						Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse				456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
						Liben †									458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
					Dobrotivian										458.5 *
					Dobrotivian						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Oretanian						Lasnamagi				459.7 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
						Sarka †					Aseri				461.7 *
									Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
											Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †	Dapingian									467.3
					Arenigian											468
											Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian									470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
											Hunneberg					473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadocian		Xinchangian									477.7
										Lianghekou †						477.9 *
											Varangu					481.3 *
Pakerort											482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian									485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
				Payntonian			486.8 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian			489.5
			Paibian	Idamean			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan			497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian			499
			Drumian	Undillan			500.5
			Drumian	Floran			503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian			504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			509
			Stage 4				510.8 *
			Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635