PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan																	Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian																	Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian																	Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian																	Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian																	Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean																		3.6
		Zanclean																	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian													Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian													Pannonian				Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian													Sarmatian				Clarendonian	11.63
															Sarmatian				Barstovian	12.5
															Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
																			Hemingfordian	16.3
																			Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
																			Whitneyan	29.5
																			Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian																	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian																	Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian																	Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																	Bridgerian	47.8
																			Wasatchian	50.5
																			Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian																	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian																	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian																	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian																	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian																	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian			Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian	445.2				Gamachian
						Chientangkiangian	Richmondian				446 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang	Richmondian				449.5
							Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Yiyangian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian								477.7
									Lianghekou †					477.9 *
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10															487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian													Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian													Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †												Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Amgan/Solvan			509
															Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
															Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3													Botomian			514
		Stage 3													Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Tommotian			521
		Stage 2													Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian													Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																				538.8