PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Late Pleistocene															Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian															Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian															Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian															Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian															Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
				Zanclean																3.6
				Zanclean															Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian															Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian															Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian															Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
																			Hemingfordian	16.3
																			Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
				Rupelian																27.82
																			Whitneyan	29.5
																			Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian															Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian															Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian															Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian															Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian															Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian															Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian															Bridgerian	47.8
																			Wasatchian	50.5
																			Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian															Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian															Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian															Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian															Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian															Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian															Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian							467.3
			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
										Demingian †		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10												Niuchehean		487.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
											Aksaian	Aksaian					490.7 *
											Sakian	Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian												Paibian		494
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian		499.5
			Drumian								Zhanaarykian				Drumian		500.5
			Drumian								Tuesaian				Drumian		503
			Wuliuan								Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
			Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian		505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian		509
Toyonian											Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
Botomian											Botomian		512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3								Botomian		Nangaoian		514
Atdabanian			Stage 3								Atdabanian		Nangaoian		515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian								Tommotian		Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2									Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian										Manykaian †			529
		Fortunian										Manykaian †	Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Wonokan †			571.7 *
																				635