PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Permian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †					2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian									Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4		23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian									Cenozoic 2	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian									Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian									Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian									Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian									Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian									Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian									Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian									Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian									Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian									Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian									Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Wordian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian		Permian 2		273.01
				Pavlovoposadian	Cathedralian				276.8 *
					Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian				283.5
			Wolfcampian		Lenoxian				286.1 *
				Rusavkinian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian			Nealian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian		307
							Podolskian		308.9 *
							Kashirian		311.4 *
							Vereian		313.8
							Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian		315.2
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Severokeltmian		319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
							Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian		323.2
							Protvian		324.4 *
							Steshevian		326.8 *
							Tarusian		329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			Venevian		330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare				Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani				Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Cambrian 5	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian	Paibian		Idamean	494
		Paibian	Paibian		Idamean	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian						Boomerangian	499
		Drumian	Drumian						Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Drumian						Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian							Ordian	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian								510.8 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian						Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian						Cambrian 2		521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian						Cambrian 1		529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						Cambrian 1		530.7
													538.8