PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Carboniferous of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
		Zanclean							3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Tortonian					Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian					Clarendonian		11.63
		Serravallian					Barstovian		12.5
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
							Hemingfordian		16.3
							Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
							Whitneyan		29.5
							Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian					Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian		47.8
							Wasatchian		50.5
							Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian					Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10			Niuchehean		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Paibian		Idamean	494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	Idamean	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian			Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian			Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Ordian	509
		Stage 4			Duyunian			510.8 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian			530.7
									538.8