PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of the Baltic		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene													Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene													Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian															Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene														2.58
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene														3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene													Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene														5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian															Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene													Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian															Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene														15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene														23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene														27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene													Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene													Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene													Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian															Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian															Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian															Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene													Bridgerian	47.8
																	Wasatchian	50.5
																	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene													Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene													Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene													Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene													Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene													Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene													Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		Dorashamian	251.902
						252.4 *
			Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru		Dzhulfian	254.14
			Kalabagh			255 *
			Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
			Amb			266.1 *
					Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
						Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
						Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
						Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
						Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
				Whiterockian				Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku				458.4
								Lasnamagi				458.9 *
								Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
						Rangerian							469.1 *
						Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean								477.7
						Stairsian								480.3 *
						Stairsian		Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
								Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort	Datsonian					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
								Payntonian	486.8 *
									487.5
									Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	Festiniogian						489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian			Idamean			494	Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan			St Davids						497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian									499
		Drumian			Undillan									500.5
		Drumian			Floran									503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian									504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian			Caerfai						509
		Stage 4												510.8 *
		Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																		538.8