PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene															Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian															Rancholabrean	0.129
																	Irvingtonian	0.21
																Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian																0.774
																	Blancan	1.4
																Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian														Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian														Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian														Waipipian		3
		Zanclean														Waipipian		3.6
																Opoitian		3.7
																Opoitian	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian														Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
																	Clarendonian	9.4
															Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian																11.63
																	Barstovian	12.5
																Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian														Lillburnian		13.82
																Clifdenian		15.1
															Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian																15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
																Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian														Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian		23.03
																Duntroonian		25.2
																Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian															Chadronian	33.9
															Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																Kaiatan		36.7
																	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																37.71
																Bortonian		39.1
																	Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																Heretaungan		45.7
																	Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																47.8
																Mangaorapan		48.9
																Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	50.5
																Waipawan	Wasatchian	52
																Waipawan	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian															Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian															Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian															Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian															Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian															Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
							Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian						456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
											Lasnamagi			458.9 *
											Aseri			460.4 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri			461.3 *
									Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *				Kunda
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
			Arenig					Fennian				468.4 *
							Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
						Latorp †						470.1 *
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
							Hunneberg	Whitlandian				473.7 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
												Mansian †		483.55 *
												Mansian †		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian						Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
						Aksaian									490.7 *
						Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian									497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian	499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian	500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan	509
				Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
																		538.8