PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Tertiary †						2.58
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene							Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene					Cenozoic 5		Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene					Cenozoic 4			23.03
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene								27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene					Cenozoic 3		Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene							Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene							Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2		Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene							Bridgerian	47.8
											Wasatchian	50.5
											Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene					Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene							Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene							Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene							Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian			330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian				Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
							Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
							Boomerangian		499
		Drumian					Undillan		500.5
		Drumian					Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian				Ordian	509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2			514
		Stage 3			Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1			529
												538.8