PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian															Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian															Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene			Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian															Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene				23.03
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian												Late Eocene			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian															Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian															Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian															Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene			Bridgerian	47.8
																	Wasatchian	50.5
																	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene			Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
				Stephanian B	300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian					443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian											Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids										497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai										Branchian	509
		Stage 3													Branchian	514
		Stage 3													Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8