PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125959 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene								Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene					Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene					Cenozoic 3			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene								Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								Bridgerian	47.8
											Wasatchian	50.5
											Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene					Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene								Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene								Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene								Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3		Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3		Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian					Albertian †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Marjumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						Cambrian 2	514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
												538.8