PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of Britain				Central Paratethys Stages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Tertiary †											2.58
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene														3.6
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene													Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene														5.333
				Tortonian													Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian													Pannonian	Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene												Sarmatian	Clarendonian	11.63
																	Sarmatian	Barstovian	12.5
																	Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene														15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25							23.03
				Rupelian	Early Oligocene						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21								27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	Late Eocene						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene						MP 16							Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian							MP 16							Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian							MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	Late Paleocene						MP 6							Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian	Early Paleocene													Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian	Early Paleocene													Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian		283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian				Nealian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian		Rawtheyan			445.2
					Cautleyan			448.9 *
					Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
								Cressagian			480.8 *
								Cressagian			Mansian †	483.55 *
											Mansian †	485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian											494
			Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian									499.5
Mayan/Menevian			Drumian									500.5
Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Amgan/Solvan								504.5
Series 2		Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan								509
				Toyonian								Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian									514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian									515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		Tommotian									521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian								Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †					Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †					Wonokan †				571.7 *
																			635