PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125962 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene								3.6
										Hemphillian	4.7
				Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
										Clarendonian	9.4
				Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian		Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene								15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
				Xiejiaan						Hemingfordian	16.9
										Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene							Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene							Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene							Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian								Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene							Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene							Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene							Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene							Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene							Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian		303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Krevyakinian		305.9
		Moscovian		Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean		Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	489.5
		Paibian						Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian	499
		Drumian						Undillan	500.5
		Drumian						Floran	503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			509			Ordian
											510.8 *