PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
											Hemphillian	4.7
					Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
					Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian										11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian			Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
					Xiejiaan						Hemingfordian	16.9
											Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian	47.8
											Wasatchian	50.5
											Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian									Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian									66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic									100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian									125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B			300.9 *
					Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Khamovnikian	Cantabrian			305 *
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Krevyakinian				305.9
		Moscovian		Myachkovian				307
				Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
				Podolskian		Westphalian D		308.9 *
				Podolskian		Westphalian C		309.8
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Vereian		Westphalian B		314.6
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Cheremshanian		Westphalian A		317 *
				Prikamian		Westphalian A		318.6 *
				Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
				Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian		321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		Chokierian		323.2
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
			Pendleian	Steshevian		327.4 *
			Pendleian	Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Tulian	Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian		346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Cherepetian	Hastarian		353.7 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian	470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian	Lianghekou †		477.9 *
												485.4