PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Siberia		Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean					0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean					0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian					0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian					0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan					1.4
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian					9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian					11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian					12.5
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
					Hemingfordian					16.3
					Arikareean					18.5
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
		Rupelian								27.82
					Whitneyan					29.5
					Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian					33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian					47.8
					Wasatchian					50.5
					Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian					56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian					56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian					59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian					60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian					61.6
		Danian			Puercan					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian							66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic							100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
		Katian			Bolindian		445.2
					Eastonian		449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		470
			Bendigonian		471.8 *
			Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		Ungurian		477.7
			Warendian				482.8 *
			Warendian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian					Batyrbaian	489.5
			Aksaian					Aksaian	490.7 *
			Sakian					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian					Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan					Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
			Toyonian		Lenian †			Toyonian	510 *
			Botomian					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					Botomian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					Tommotian	521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †				529
										538.8