PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Precambrian of Russia	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian		MN 17						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16						2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15						3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15						3.6
						MN 14						4.2
						MN 14		Hemphillian				4.7
						MN 13						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13						5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12						7.246
						MN 11						7.75
						MN 10						8.7
						MN 10		Clarendonian				9.4
						MN 9						9.7
						MN 7 + 8						11.1
				Serravallian								11.63
								Barstovian				12.5
						MN 6						12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5						13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4						15.98
						MN 4		Hemingfordian				16.3
						MN 3		Hemingfordian				16.9
						MN 3		Arikareean				18.5
						MN 2						20
				Aquitanian		MN 2						20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1						22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
				Rupelian								27.82
								Whitneyan				29.5
								Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian				Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian				Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian				Bridgerian				47.8
								Wasatchian				50.5
								Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian				Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian				Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	145
			Kimmeridgian	149.2
			Oxfordian	154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian	161.5
			Bathonian	165.3
			Bajocian	168.2
			Aalenian	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian					453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400