PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
										Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Rupelian							27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian						Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian						Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2		Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian						Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian						Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian						Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3			174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2			184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	Silurian 2		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
			Paibian				Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
			Drumian				Undillan	500.5
			Drumian				Floran	503
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan				Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	509
			Stage 4					510.8 *
			Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
											635