PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan								Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian								Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian								Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian								Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian								Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean								Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian								Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian								Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian								Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian								Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian								Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2		Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian								Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian								Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian								Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian								Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian								Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian								Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian								Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3			174.7
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2			184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
			Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
					Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		477.7
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian			489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian								494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4		Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Cambrian 3		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan			509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3			Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
			Stage 3					Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
			Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
Fortunian			Cambrian 1			Manykaian †		Nemakit-Daldynian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
													635