PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
																Irvingtonian	0.21
												Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian													0.774
																Blancan	1.4
												Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian					3
				Zanclean								Waipipian					3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
												Opoitian				Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian													7.246
																Clarendonian	9.4
											Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian													11.63
																Barstovian	12.5
												Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
												Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian					23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
																Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian													37.71
												Bortonian					39.1
																Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian													41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
																Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian													47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Mangaorapan				Wasatchian	50.5
												Waipawan				Wasatchian	52
												Waipawan				Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian				Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
			Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian				Wordian	264.28
			Roadian				Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
						Kaugetuma			Cayugan	421.7 *
						Kaugetuma			Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian			Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Lockportian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Raikkula		439.4 *
						Medinan			Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †							483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian							Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian									489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan									509
				Toyonian							Lenian †		510 *
Botomian				512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3	514
Atdabanian			Stage 3								515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran									Vendian †		Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					1000							Karatau
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																	1400