PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
		Zanclean					3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian					15.98
						Hemingfordian	16.3
						Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
		Rupelian					27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian	47.8
						Wasatchian	50.5
						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian				Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
							419.2