PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian											0.774
												Blancan	1.4
				Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
		Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Opoitian									3.7
				Opoitian								Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
												Clarendonian	9.4
			Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian											11.63
												Barstovian	12.5
				Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
				Clifdenian									15.1
			Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
				Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
				Duntroonian									25.2
				Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan									34.6
				Kaiatan									36.7
												Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											37.71
				Bortonian									39.1
												Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
				Heretaungan									45.7
												Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											47.8
				Mangaorapan									48.9
				Mangaorapan								Wasatchian	50.5
				Waipawan								Wasatchian	52
				Waipawan								Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian								Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Noginskian	Wordian	264.9 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
							Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian	276.8 *
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Hessian	283.5
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
							Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian				303.7
							Khamovnikian				304.8
							Krevyakinian				305.8 *
							Krevyakinian				305.9
		Moscovian					Myachkovian				307
							Podolskian				308.9 *
							Kashirian				311.4 *
							Vereian				313.8
							Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian				315.2
							Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
		Visean			Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
													510.8 *