PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of West Avalonia		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
													Irvingtonian	0.21
						Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian										0.774
													Blancan	1.4
						Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
				Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
						Opoitian								3.7
						Opoitian							Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian										7.246
													Clarendonian	9.4
					Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian										11.63
													Barstovian	12.5
						Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian										15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
						Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Chadronian	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
													Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian				MP 16						37.71
						Bortonian								39.1
													Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
													Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Mangaorapan							Wasatchian	50.5
						Waipawan							Wasatchian	52
						Waipawan							Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5				Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian				MP 6					Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian									Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian				66
			Campanian		Haumurian				72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan				83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
			Coniacian						86.3
			Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan				93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan				93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
					Motuan				99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan				100.5
					Urutawan				103.3
				Taitai	Korangan				108.4
			Aptian		Korangan				113
			Aptian						117.5
			Barremian						121.4
			Hauterivian						125.77
			Valanginian						132.6
			Berriasian						139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian							Leine	264.28
			Wordian						Noginskian	Leine	264.9 *
			Roadian								266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
			Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian		283.5
			Artinskian						Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian								290.1
			Asselian								293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
									Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian						Myachkovian		307
									Podolskian		308.9 *
									Kashirian		311.4 *
									Vereian		313.8
									Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian						Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
			Visean			Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian	Chatfieldian		453
				Turinian		453.7 *
Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian					467.3
			Dapingian	Rangerian				469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean					477.7
				Stairsian					480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian		Late Cambrian				485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian				497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 3				Branchian					514
		Stage 3				Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400