PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of West Avalonia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean	0.129
							Irvingtonian	0.21
				Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian						0.774
							Blancan	1.4
				Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian				3
		Zanclean		Waipipian				3.6
				Opoitian				3.7
				Opoitian			Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian						7.246
							Clarendonian	9.4
			Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian						11.63
							Barstovian	12.5
				Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian				13.82
				Clifdenian				15.1
			Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian						15.98
							Hemingfordian	16.3
							Arikareean	18.5
				Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian				23.03
				Duntroonian				25.2
				Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
							Whitneyan	29.5
							Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan				34.6
				Kaiatan				36.7
							Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						37.71
				Bortonian				39.1
							Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
				Heretaungan				45.7
							Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
				Mangaorapan				48.9
				Mangaorapan			Wasatchian	50.5
				Waipawan			Wasatchian	52
				Waipawan			Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian					Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian	489.5
		Paibian	Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	497
			Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
			Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	Branchian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
		Stage 3		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
								538.8