PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America							North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian											Rancholabrean	0.129
															Irvingtonian	0.21
						Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian												0.774
															Blancan	1.4
						Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
						Opoitian										3.7
						Opoitian									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian												7.246
															Clarendonian	9.4
					Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian												11.63
															Barstovian	12.5
						Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian												15.98
															Hemingfordian	16.3
															Arikareean	18.5
						Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
															Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												37.71
						Bortonian										39.1
															Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
															Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Mangaorapan									Wasatchian	50.5
						Waipawan									Wasatchian	52
						Waipawan									Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian											Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian											Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian											Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian											Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian											Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
			Campanian		Haumurian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
			Santonian		Piripauan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
			Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		86.1
			Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
			Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
			Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Late Albian		100.5
					Urutawan	Late Albian		103.3
					Urutawan	Middle Albian		106.2 *
				Taitai	Korangan	Middle Albian		108.4
						Early Albian		109.9 *
			Aptian			Late Aptian		113
						Late Aptian		117.5
						Early Aptian		119.5 *
			Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
			Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
			Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
			Berriasian			Late Berriasian		139.8
						Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
						Early Berriasian		142.7 *
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
			Tithonian			Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
			Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
			Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
			Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			Late Bajocian	168.2
									Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
									Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
			Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
										Late Toarcian	180.1
										Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Middle Toarcian	182
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				Early Toarcian	182.9 *
			Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
			Norian							Sevatian	208.5
										Alaunian	213.2 *
										Lacian	216.7 *
			Carnian							Tuvalian	227
			Carnian							Julian	233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Longobardian	237
			Ladinian							Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian							Illyrian	242
										Pelsonian	243.8 *
										Bithynian	244.7 *
										Aegean	245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian							Spathian	Vokhmian	247.2
			Olenekian							Smithian		248.9 *
			Induan							Dienerian		251.2
			Induan							Griesbachian		251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
			Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
			Artinskian								283.5
			Sakmarian								290.1
			Asselian								293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian						443.8
			Katian		Gamachian						445.2
					Richmondian						446 *
					Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
					Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian						453
					Turinian						453.7 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean							473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10								Niuchehean		487.5
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau			1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan			1375
																1400