PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of China		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6						Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Tarantian				0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Tarantian			Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian						Ionian			Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian						Ionian			Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian									Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5						Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4							23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3						Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian									Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian									Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2						Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian									Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1						Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian									Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian									Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8							66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6							83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3							113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2							125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6							145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 5							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4							165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4							168.2
Aalenian				Jurassic 3			170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian				174.7
			Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian		Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
			Carnian		Oretian	Triassic 3	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	Triassic 3	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	Triassic 2	237
			Ladinian		Etalian		238
			Anisian		Etalian		242
			Anisian		Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	Triassic 1	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan			254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian					264.28
							Noginskian	264.9 *
					Barettian			266
			Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
					Mangapirian			276
							Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Datsonian					485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian					489.5
		Paibian				Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400