PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Russian Platform		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene														Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian														Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian														Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian														Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean														Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian														Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
				Rupelian															27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian														Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian														Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian														Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian														Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian														Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian														Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian														Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian														Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian														Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian														Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian														Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian														Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites												168.2
Humphresianum				Bajocian				168.4
Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			Thouarsense	174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan	Thouarsense	176
								180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
			Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
			Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
			Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
			Norian		Warepan			208.5
					Otamitan			217
					Oretian			221
			Carnian		Oretian			227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan			237
			Ladinian		Etalian			238
			Anisian		Etalian			242
			Anisian		Malakovian			246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian			249
			Induan		Nelsonian			251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian			253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
					Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian				Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian				Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian				Urzhumian	Wordian	266
			Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian	266.9
			Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian			276
									Filipovian			276.5 *
									Saraninian			280.1 *
									Saraninian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Telfordian				Sarginian			285
									Irginian			285.9 *
									Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									Burtsevian			287.8 *
									Burtsevian			288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
			Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian	293.52
									Uskalykian			294.8
									Surenian			297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian									346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Lochkovian									410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju					Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi						449.6 *
						Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
							Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian				Keila					Idavere †	453
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku						458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
Dapingian			467.3				Volkhov
Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian					470
							Latorp †						470.1 *
			Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg										477.7
			Varangu										481.3 *
			Pakerort										482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Ayusokkanian			497
													Ayusokkanian			Arcadian	498.4
													Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian		500.5									Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan	Branchian								509
				Toyonian									Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian										514
				Atdabanian					515.6 *
				Atdabanian	Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian					538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian						Karatau					800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau					1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan					1375
																			1400