PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan																	Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Late Pleistocene																	Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian																	Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian																	Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian																	Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian																	Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
				Zanclean																		3.6
				Zanclean																	Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Tortonian																	Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian																	Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian																	Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
																					Hemingfordian	16.3
																					Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
				Rupelian																		27.82
																					Whitneyan	29.5
																					Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian																	Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian																	Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian																	Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian																	Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian																	Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian																	Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian																	Bridgerian	47.8
																					Wasatchian	50.5
																					Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian																	Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian																	Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian																	Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian																	Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian																	Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan																145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan																149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan																150
						Heterian																154.5
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan																164.3
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dapingian									467.3
			Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian						Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
												Demingian †		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10														Niuchehean		487.5
			Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian		489.5
													Aksaian	Aksaian					490.7 *
													Sakian	Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian														Paibian		494
																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian	499.5			Guzhangian
Drumian			Zhanaarykian											Drumian			500.5
Drumian			Tuesaian											Drumian			503
Wuliuan			Tuesaian										Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
Wuliuan														Wuliuan/Taijangian				505.3
Series 2		Stage 4												Duyunian				509
			Toyonian										Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										Botomian	Nangaoian				514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian										Atdabanian	Nangaoian				515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian										Tommotian	Meishucunian				521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian		Manykaian †	Jinnigian									530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †						538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †						571.7 *
																						635