PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene		2.58
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian							Pannonian				Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian							Sarmatian			Middle Miocene	Clarendonian	11.63
									Sarmatian				Barstovian	12.5
									Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene		15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian								Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene		27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian	Early Eocene	Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan		Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian								Gashatan		Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel	298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
				Stephanian B	300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Westphalian C	309.8
				Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
				Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †				485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian				Paibian					494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian					530.7
														538.8