International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian Epochs | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Cambrian of Australia | Cretaceous Subepochs | Ten Million Year Bins | Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Senonian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Gallic | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||
Hauterivian | Neocomian | 125.77 | ||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | |||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | Melekhovian | 251.902 | |||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
Noginskian | 264.9 * | |||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | ||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||
Pavlovoposadian | 276.8 * | |||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
Rusavkinian | 287.6 * | |||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||
Kasimovian | Dorogomilovian | 303.7 | ||||||||
Khamovnikian | 304.8 | |||||||||
Krevyakinian | 305.8 * | |||||||||
305.9 | ||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | Myachkovian | 307 | |||||||
Podolskian | 308.9 * | |||||||||
Kashirian | 311.4 * | |||||||||
Vereian | 313.8 | |||||||||
Melekessian | 314.8 | |||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Cheremshanian | 316.9 * | |||||||||
Prikamian | 318.6 * | |||||||||
Severokeltmian | 319.9 * | |||||||||
Krasnopolyanian | 321.2 * | |||||||||
Voznesenian | 321.9 * | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | Zapaltjubian | 323.2 | ||||||
Protvian | 324.4 * | |||||||||
Steshevian | 326.8 * | |||||||||
Tarusian | 329 * | |||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Venevian | 330.9 | |||||||
Mikhailovian | 331.9 * | |||||||||
Aleksinian | 333.7 * | |||||||||
Tulian | 335.8 * | |||||||||
Bobrikian | 339.9 * | |||||||||
Radaevkian | 343.4 * | |||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Kosvian | 346.7 | |||||||
Kizelian | 350.7 * | |||||||||
Cherepetian | 351.9 * | |||||||||
Karakubian | 354.4 * | |||||||||
Upinian | 356.3 * | |||||||||
Malevkian | 357.6 * | |||||||||
Gumerovian | 358 * | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | |||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | |||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Late Cambrian | Datsonian | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | ||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | |||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | ||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | ||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Middle Cambrian | Mindyallan | Cambrian 4 | 497 | |||||
Boomerangian | 499 | |||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | 500.5 | ||||||||
Floran | 503 | |||||||||
Wuliuan | Templetonian | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | |||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | |||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Early Cambrian | 509 | |||||||
510.8 * | ||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||
538.8 |