PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene															Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian															Rancholabrean	0.129
																	Irvingtonian	0.21
																Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian																0.774
																	Blancan	1.4
																Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian														Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian														Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian														Waipipian		3
		Zanclean														Waipipian		3.6
																Opoitian		3.7
																Opoitian	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian														Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
																	Clarendonian	9.4
															Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian																11.63
																	Barstovian	12.5
																Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian														Lillburnian		13.82
																Clifdenian		15.1
															Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian																15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
																Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian														Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian		23.03
																Duntroonian		25.2
																Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian															Chadronian	33.9
															Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																Kaiatan		36.7
																	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																37.71
																Bortonian		39.1
																	Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																Heretaungan		45.7
																	Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																47.8
																Mangaorapan		48.9
																Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	50.5
																Waipawan	Wasatchian	52
																Waipawan	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian															Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian															Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian															Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian															Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian															Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			303.7					Stephanian A
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian					305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian					307
					Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian					327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †				330.9
				Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian							Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian							Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †		453
						Haljala			453.9
						Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †					457.5 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Dobrotivian		Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian		Lasnamagi						459.7 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
						Aseri			Sarka †			461.7 *
						Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
							Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda				464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
				Arenigian									468
								Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
							Latorp †						470.1 *
								Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
								Varangu					481.3 *
								Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian				Pakerort						485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian										497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian										509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																		538.8