PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian												2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian												3.1 *
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian												5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian												7.246
					Vallesian												8.7
					Vallesian											Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Astaracian											Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian												15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
					Agenian												20
				Aquitanian	Agenian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
Humphresianum				Bajocian			168.4
Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
			Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
			Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
			Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian				Leine	264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Pirgu	449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian									470
						Latorp †							470.1 *
											Hunneberg		473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian								477.7
									Lianghekou †				477.9 *
											Varangu		481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort	Datsonian								485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
					Payntonian								486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian								489.5
			Paibian		Idamean								494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan		497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian		499
		Drumian	Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4	Ordian		509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2			521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635