PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Silurian of the Baltic	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian	MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian	MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean	MN 15						3.6
			MN 14						4.2
			MN 14					Hemphillian	4.7
			MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian	MN 12						7.246
			MN 11						7.75
			MN 10						8.7
			MN 10					Clarendonian	9.4
			MN 9						9.7
			MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5				11.63
								Barstovian	12.5
			MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian	MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian	MN 4						15.98
			MN 4					Hemingfordian	16.3
			MN 3					Hemingfordian	16.9
			MN 3					Arikareean	18.5
			MN 2						20
		Aquitanian	MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian	MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
								Whitneyan	29.5
								Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian	47.8
								Wasatchian	50.5
								Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian						Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	Silurian 2		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	489.5
		Paibian				Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4		Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian	499
		Drumian				Undillan	500.5
		Drumian				Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian	509
		Stage 4					510.8 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
									538.8