PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
											Irvingtonian	0.21
									Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian										0.774
											Blancan	1.4
									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
		Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
									Opoitian			3.7
									Opoitian		Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian										11.63
											Barstovian	12.5
									Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
									Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21									27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A								Chadronian	33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	MP 16									37.71
									Bortonian			39.1
											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11									41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7									47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	50.5
									Waipawan		Wasatchian	52
									Waipawan		Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5					Teurian		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	MP 6								Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian									Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan			100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian				Korangan			113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
												485.4