International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Central Paratethys Stages | Carboniferous of North America | Cambrian of Kazakhstan | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Permian Subages of Germany | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
| Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Buntsandstein | 251.902 | ||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Ohre/Aller | 259.51 | |||||||
| Wordian | Leine | 264.28 | ||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | ||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | ||||||
| Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | ||||||||
| Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Atokan | 312.7 * | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Morrowan | 318.4 * | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | |||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Meramecian | 335.8 * | |||||||||
| Osagean | 343.1 * | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | Ungurian | 477.7 | ||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Batyrbaian | 485.4 | ||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Aksaian | 490.7 * | |||||||||
| Sakian | 492.2 * | |||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Ayusokkanian | 497 | |||||||
| 499.5 | ||||||||||
| Drumian | Zhanaarykian | 500.5 | ||||||||
| Tuesaian | 503 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | 504.5 | |||||||||
| 505.3 | ||||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||
| Toyonian | 510 * | |||||||||
| Botomian | 512.5 * | |||||||||
| Stage 3 | 514 | |||||||||
| Atdabanian | 515.6 * | |||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Tommotian | 521 | |||||||
| 525.5 | ||||||||||