PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian						Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
										Hemingfordian	16.3
										Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
				Rupelian	Kekeamuan						27.82
										Whitneyan	29.5
										Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian				Bridgerian	47.8
										Wasatchian	50.5
										Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan					Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian	Gashatan					Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian						Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian			427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
			Paibian		Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
			Drumian		Undillan	500.5
			Drumian		Floran	503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian	504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	509
			Stage 4			510.8 *
			Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
											635