PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Britain		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Lancian/Edmontonian		66
				Campanian											Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		Buntsandstein	251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian				Leine	264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb				266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenig				Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian				480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635