PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan															Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Late Pleistocene															Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian															Rancholabrean	0.129
																	Irvingtonian	0.21
																Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian																0.774
																	Blancan	1.4
																Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian														Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian														Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian														Waipipian		3
		Zanclean														Waipipian		3.6
																Opoitian		3.7
																Opoitian	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian														Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
																	Clarendonian	9.4
															Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian																11.63
																	Barstovian	12.5
																Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian														Lillburnian		13.82
																Clifdenian		15.1
															Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian																15.98
																	Hemingfordian	16.3
																	Arikareean	18.5
																Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian														Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian		23.03
																Duntroonian		25.2
																Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
																	Whitneyan	29.5
																	Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian															Chadronian	33.9
															Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																Kaiatan		36.7
																	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																37.71
																Bortonian		39.1
																	Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																Heretaungan		45.7
																	Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																47.8
																Mangaorapan		48.9
																Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	50.5
																Waipawan	Wasatchian	52
																Waipawan	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian															Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian															Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian															Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian															Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian															Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
					Mangaotanean		90.5
					Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan		93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
					Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan		100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan		113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
			Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian			323.2
			Arnsbergian			324 *
			Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †		330.9
			Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan				Pirgu	445.2
					Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan					Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan					Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian					Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
									Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
									Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
					Aurelucian		456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri		461.3 *
								Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
				Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
										Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
					Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Whitlandian					Hunneberg			473.7 *
					Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian								Ungurian	477.7
					Cressagian									480.8 *
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian			485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian			Stage 5 †								504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
			Toyonian											510 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian											514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian											521
																		525.5