PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian													Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian													Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian													Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
		Zanclean													Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian													Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian													Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
															Hemingfordian	16.3
															Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
															Whitneyan	29.5
															Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian													Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian													Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian													Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian													Bridgerian	47.8
															Wasatchian	50.5
															Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian													Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian													Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian													Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan				150
												Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Pirgu		445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pirgu		449.5
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila		Idavere †	453
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian								470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Xinchangian								477.7
								Lianghekou †						477.9 *
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Pakerort				Datsonian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
														Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian												Iverian	489.5
		Paibian		Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
																538.8