PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan														Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian														Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene													2.58
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene													3.6
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian														Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene													15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene													23.03
				Rupelian		Early Oligocene													27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian		Late Eocene												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian														Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian														Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene												Bridgerian	47.8
																		Wasatchian	50.5
																		Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian		Late Paleocene												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian		Early Paleocene												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian		Early Paleocene												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Devonian 2			Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
											Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian						456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku			458.4
											Lasnamagi			458.9 *
											Aseri			460.4 *
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *			Aseri
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2										467.3
Arenig							Fennian							468.4 *
									Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Whitlandian		Hunneberg					473.7 *
					Moridunian		474.3 *
Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
					Cressagian		480.8 *
							Varangu		481.3 *
							Pakerort		482.2 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Branchian			509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Branchian			514
		Stage 3									Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635