PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America				North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran						Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					Rancholabrean	0.129
											Irvingtonian	0.21
					Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
											Blancan	1.4
					Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian	Late Pliocene						3
		Zanclean			Waipipian	Early Pliocene						3.6
					Opoitian							3.7
					Opoitian						Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
											Clarendonian	9.4
				Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene						11.63
											Barstovian	12.5
					Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
					Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian	Late Oligocene						23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene					Chadronian	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
					Bortonian							39.1
											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Mangaorapan						Wasatchian	50.5
					Waipawan						Wasatchian	52
					Waipawan						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian	Late Paleocene					Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian				Late Paleocene					Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene					Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene					Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		445.2
							Richmondian		446 *
							Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453		Chatfieldian
					Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian		469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tulean					477.7
					Stairsian					480.3 *
					Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8