PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †								2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites												168.2
				Bajocian		Humphresianum											168.4
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense											174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum	182
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni	184.2
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi	192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
				Norian		208.5
				Carnian		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
				Wordian			264.28
				Roadian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
				Kasimovian			303.7
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
				Visean			330.9
				Tournaisian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
				Pragian						407.6
				Lochkovian						410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
			Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
				Aeronian						438.5
				Rhuddanian						440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
				Katian					445.2
				Sandbian					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
				Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
				Paibian					Paibian		494
				Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
				Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
				Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †		504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian						509
			Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian						514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian						521
				Fortunian		Meishucunian						529
				Fortunian		Jinnigian						530.7
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635