International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Mesozoic Subages | North American Land Mammal Ages | Ten Million Year Bins | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Cambrian of Australia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
157.9 * | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | Triassic 1 | Vokhmian | 247.2 | |||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | ||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | |||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||||
Kuzel | 297.7 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | ||||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | |||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | |||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | Datsonian | 485.4 | |||||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | |||||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | ||||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | ||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Mindyallan | 497 | ||||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | |||||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | 500.5 | ||||||||||
Floran | 503 | |||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Templetonian | 504.5 | |||||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | |||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||||
510.8 * | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||||
538.8 |