PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene				Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene				Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene				Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian							Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene					15.98
									Hemingfordian	16.3
									Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene					27.82
									Whitneyan	29.5
									Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene				Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian			Late Eocene				Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene				Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian							Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene				Bridgerian	47.8
									Wasatchian	50.5
									Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene				Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian			Late Paleocene				Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene				Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene				Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene				Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene				Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Filipovian		276.5 *
				Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Irginian		285.9 *
				Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		Bursumian †	293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
										419.2