PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Carboniferous of China	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Tarantian						Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian			Ionian						Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian			Ionian						Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian									Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †				2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean									Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian									Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian									Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian									Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian									Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian									Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian									Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian									Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian			259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian			264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400