International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | North American Land Mammal Ages | Ten Million Year Bins | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cambrian of Australia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | |||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | ||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | ||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | |||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | ||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||
Kuzel | 297.7 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | ||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | |||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | |||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | Datsonian | 485.4 | |||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | |||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | ||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | ||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Mindyallan | 497 | ||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | |||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | 500.5 | ||||||||
Floran | 503 | |||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Templetonian | 504.5 | |||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | |||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||
510.8 * | ||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||
538.8 |