PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	European Faunal Units	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of France
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian			2.58
		Piacenzian		Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean					3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian		Turolian			7.246
				Vallesian			8.7
				Vallesian	Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian		Astaracian	Clarendonian		11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian		12.5
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian		Orleanian			15.98
					Hemingfordian		16.3
					Arikareean		18.5
				Agenian			20
		Aquitanian		Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
		Rupelian					27.82
					Whitneyan		29.5
					Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian		47.8
					Wasatchian		50.5
					Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian			Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian	499
		Drumian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	509
							510.8 *